19th century
(18th century - 19th century - 20th century )
As a means of recording the passage of time , the 19th Century was that century which lasted from 1801 -1900 .
Events
The Little Ice Age ended.
Napoleon , conquers much of Europe, is ultimately defeated 1815 ; some old European regimes are restored, others not.
Industrial Revolution continues and spreads, developments include the Rail Transport , telegraph , and telephone .
Discovery of the relationships between magnetism and electricity and light by Hans Christian Ørsted and James Clerk Maxwell . (See:electromagnetism )
Mass migration from Europe to the United States .
During the reign of Queen Victoria , the United Kingdom experiences the Victorian Age , which is the age in which the United Kingdom is the leading economic power in the world.
Political revolution and constitutional reform across Europe severely limits powers of monarchs, advances democracy.
The religious revival of the Second Great Awakening in the eastern United States and Canada gives rise to unique, American, Christian religions during the era of Restorationism
Gold discovered in Australia and throughout the west of the United States , leading to huge increases in national wealth and encouraging mass migration of free settlers there.
Slavery ended in British colonies and in America. See American Civil War . End of global slave trade enforced by British navy.
Charles Darwin revolutionizes biology with his theories of evolution, 1858.
Europeans conquer and colonize large parts of Africa and Asia .
Karl Marx writes the Communist Manifesto , encouraging workers to revolt against owners.
Meiji Restoration in 1868 opens Japan to modern influences and returns the emperor to power.
Germany and Italy are formed as nations.
Railroads make fast mass transit available to many. First Transcontinental Railroad finished in 1869 linking east to west in the United States .
The electric telegraph and undersea cables make instant global communication possible for the first time.
Postage Stamps introduced in Great Britain and soon thereafter, in many other countries.
Manufactured goods become widely available by mail order
Significant people
Ludwig van Beethoven , composer
Otto von Bismarck , German politician
Napoleon Bonaparte , French emperor
Samuel Taylor Coleridge , poet, critic, thinker
Charles Darwin , biologist
Charles Dickens , author
Benjamin Disraeli , novelist and politician
Thomas Alva Edison , inventor
Gottlob Frege , mathematician, logician and philosopher, father of modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy
Antonio de La Gandara , painter, pastelist and draughtsman
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , author, thinker
Victor Hugo , author
Abraham Lincoln , American president
Karl Marx , political philosopher and economist
William Morris , social reformer, one of the first people to detect and warn of the drawbacks of standardisation, the profit motive and the division of producer/consumer interests
Friedrich Nietzsche , philosopher
Louis Pasteur , biologist
Edgar Allan Poe , author
Joseph Smith, Jr. , religious leader, founder of Mormonism
Dr. John Snow , the founder of epidemiology
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), author
Brigham Young , religious leader, led the migration of the Mormon pioneers from Nauvoo, Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah
Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions
Decades and Years
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