Population

In the most common sense of the word, a population is the number of people,
or organisms of a particular species, living in a geographic area.

Demography studies the size, age and sex structure, mortality, reproductive
behaviour and growth of human populations. Other aspects are studied in
sociology, economics and geography. Plant or animal populations are studied
in biology and in particular, population biology, a branch of ecology, and
population genetics.

In biology, population denotes a breeding group, whose members breed solely
breeds among themselves, for instance through physical isolation, though
biologically they could breed with all members of the species or subspecies.

Population density measures the number of people or organisms per unit of
area. Variants may express the population per unit of habitable, inhabited,
productive (or potentially productive) or cultivated area.

A particular geographic area of land is said to have a carrying capacity,
representing the maximum population which it can support. Some observers of
human societies believe that the concept of carrying capacity also applies
to human population, and that unchecked population growth can result in a
Malthusian catastrophe. Others oppose this view.

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Population may also mean the process of populating a geographic area, as by
procreation or immigration.

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