August 1

August 1st is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in
leap years), with 152 days remaining.

Events

   * 527 - Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor.
   * 1119 - The crusaders are beaten in the Battle of Sarmada.
   * 1245 - First Council of Lyons opens.
   * 1291 - The Swiss Confederation is formed.
   * 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella drive the Jews out of Spain.
   * 1461 - Edward IV crowned king of England.
   * 1498 - Christopher Columbus discovers Venezuela.
   * 1519 - Charles V elected emperor of Germany.
   * 1619 - First Black slaves landed in Jamestown, Virginia.
   * 1635 - Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
   * 1774 - The element oxygen is discovered by Carl Wilhelm and Joseph
     Priestley.
   * 1776 - Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence.
   * 1790 - The first census of the United States is completed. The total
     population of the thirteen states was 3,929,214.
   * 1798 - Battle of the Nile starts between French and British fleets.
   * 1831 - London Bridge opens.
   * 1832 - Black Hawk War ends.
   * 1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire.
   * 1838 - Victoria crowned queen of Britain.
   * 1864 - General Philip Sheridan takes command of the Army of the
     Shenandoah.
   * 1859 - First dog show held in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England.
   * 1873 - First cable car begins service in San Francisco, California.
   * 1876 - Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.
   * 1894 - War erupts between Japan and China over Korea.
   * 1895 - El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American
     Union.
   * 1902 - The United States buys the rights to the Panama Canal from
     France.
   * 1909 - United States Army Air Corps founded.
   * 1914 - Germany declares war on Russia.
   * 1917 - Battle of Third Ypres.
   * 1936 - The Berlin Olympic Games are opened.
   * 1941 - The first Jeep is produced.
   * 1943 - PT-109, with Lieutenant John F. Kennedy aboard, sinks.
   * 1944 - Anne Frank makes the last entry in her diary.
   * 1944 - An uprising against the Nazi occupation breaks out in Warsaw,
     Poland.
   * 1950 - King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates.
   * 1957 - The United States and Canada form the North American Air Defense
     Command (NORAD).
   * 1964 - North Vietnam fires on a US destroyer in the Gulf of Tonkin.
   * 1965 - President Johnson authorizes the first use of American ground
     troops in the Vietnam War.
   * 1965 - Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands announces her engagement to
     Claus von Amsberg.
   * 1966 - Charles Whitman kills 15 people shooting from a tower at the
     University of Texas in Austin, in the United States, before being
     killed by the police.
   * 1967 - Israel annexes East Jerusalem.
   * 1971 - George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh in New York features,
     among others, Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and Leon Russell.
   * 1981 - First broadcasts by MTV. The first video played was Video Killed
     The Radio Star by Buggles.
   * 1990 - Iraq invades Kuwait.
   * 1991 - Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir accepts a formula for
     peace talks in the Middle East.
   * 1994 - Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley confirm rumours that they
     had married eleven weeks earlier.
   * 1996 - Michael Johnson wins the 200 meters in 19.32, beating the old
     world record by over 0.3 seconds.
   * 2001 - In talks between the government and representatives of the
     Albanian minority in the Republic of Macedonia, an agreement is reached
     on the position of the Albanian language in the Republic.
   * 2001 - Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Malta, Slovenia and Slovakia join the
     European Environment Agency.

Births

   * 10 BC - Claudius (+ 54), Roman emperor
   * 126 - Pertinax, Roman Emperor (+ 193)
   * 1367 - Sigismund, emperor of Hungary and king of Bohemia
   * 1476 - Pope Paul IV
   * 1744 - Jean Baptiste Lamarck, scientist (+ 1829)
   * 1770 - William Clark, explorer (+ 1838)
   * 1779 - Francis Scott Key, composer of "The Star-Spangled Banner" (+
     1843)
   * 1818 - Maria Mitchell, astronomer
   * 1819 - Herman Melville, writer (+ 1891)
   * 1824 - Paul Broca, anthropologist
   * 1863 - Gaston Doumergue, politician and president of France (+ 1937)
   * 1885 - George de Hevesy, chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in
     chemistry 1943 (+ 1966)
   * 1921 - Jack Kramer, tennis star
   * 1922 - Arthur Hill, actor
   * 1925 - Ernst Jandl, writer (+ 2000)
   * 1930 - Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (+ 2002)
   * 1931 - Tom Wilson, cartoonist (Ziggy)
   * 1933 - Dom DeLuise, actor, comedian
   * 1936 - Yves Saint Laurent, fashion designer
   * 1937 - Senator Alfonse D'Amato from New York
   * 1942 - Jerry Garcia, guitarist, lyricist, singer (The Grateful Dead) (+
     1995)
   * 1942 - Sjoukje Dijkstra, figure skater
   * 1950 - Jim Carroll, poet, actor
   * 1953 - Robert Cray, singer
   * 1959 - Joe Elliot, rock and roll musician (Def Leppard)
   * 1960 - Chuck D, rapper (Public Enemy)
   * 1963 - Coolio, rapper
   * 1965 - Sam Mendes, film director
   * 1973 - Tempestt Bledsoe, actress
   * 1981 - Ashley Parker Angel, singer
   * It is also recognised that August 1 is the "Horse's Birthday" for every
     horse, regardless of their actual date of birth.

Deaths

   * 371 - St Eusebius of Vercelli, bishop
   * 1598 - Abraham Ortelius, cartographer
   * 1836 - James Madison, President of the United States from 1809 to 1817
   * 1876 - Wild Bill Hickock, gunfighter
   * 1889 - Maria Mitchell, astronomer
   * 1917 - Frank Little, IWW organizer, lynched in Butte, Montana
   * 1923 - Warren G. Harding, United States President
   * 1934 - Paul von Hindenburg, Chancellor of Germany
   * 1964 - Johnny Burnett, singer (boating accident)
   * 1970 - Frances Farmer, actress
   * 1977 - Gary Powers, pilot
   * 1989 - Joris Ivens, movie director
   * 1992 - Mikhail Tal, world chess champion

Holidays and observances

   * Angola - Armed Forces Day
   * Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago - Emancipation Day
   * Benin - National Day
   * China - Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese PLA
   * Democratic Republic of Congo - Parent's Day
   * Nicaragua - Fiesta Day
   * Rastafarianism - Celebration of the liberation of Haile Selassie from
     slavery
   * Switzerland - National Day
   * Bah‡'’ Faith - Feast of Kam‡l (Perfection) - First day of the eighth
     month of the Bah‡'’ Calendar

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