July 24

July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 160 days remaining.

Events

   * 1567 - Mary Queen of Scots is deposed.
   * 1701 - Detroit, Michigan founded.
   * 1814 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to
     halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
   * 1832 - Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky
     Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass.
   * 1847 - After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon
     pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt
     Lake City.
   * 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown - Confederate General
     Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an
     effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.
   * 1866 - Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be
     readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
   * 1901 - O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving
     three years for embezzlement from a bank.
   * 1910 - James MacGillivray publishes first account of Paul Bunyan in the
     Detroit News.
   * 1923 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern
     Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other
     countries that fought in the First World War.
   * 1927 - The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
   * 1929 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of
     foreign policy, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on
     August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
   * 1937 - Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro
     Boys."
   * 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian
     aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the
     end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have
     killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
   * 1956 - At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis
     perform their last comedy show together which started on July 25, 1946.
   * 1959 - At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, US
     vice-president Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a "kitchen
     debate."
   * 1965 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang
     Chi are the targets of antiaircraft missiles in the first such attack
     against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other
     three sustain damage.
   * 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific
     Ocean.
   * 1974 - Watergate Scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously
     rule that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to
     withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender
     the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
   * 1983 - George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New
     York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar
     Incident".
   * 1998 - Russel Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol
     and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be
     incompetent to stand trial.

Births

   * 1725 - John Newton cleric, songwriter (Amazing Grace) (+ 1807)
   * 1783 - Simon Bol’var, South American liberator (+ 1830)
   * 1802 - Alexandre Dumas pere (La Pailleterie), playwright, novelist (+
     1870)
   * 1860 - Alfons Mucha, graphic artist (+ 1939)
   * 1864 - Frank Wedekind, dramatist, lyricist, narrator (+ 1918)
   * 1878 - Lord Dunsany, writer
   * 1896 - Hermann Kasack, writer (+ 1966)
   * 1898 - Amelia Earhart, aviator (first woman to fly solo across the
     Atlantic) (+ 1937 (disappeared))
   * 1908 - Cootie Williams, trumpeter
   * 1914 - Edwin Mirvish - retailer, impresario
   * 1916 - John D. MacDonald, novelist, (+ 1986)
   * 1917 - Robert Farnon, conductor, composer and arranger
   * 1926 - Hans GŸnter Winkler, equestrian jumper
   * 1933 - Doug Sanders, golfer
   * 1934 - Rudy Collins, drummer for the Dizzy Gillespie quintet
   * 1935 - Pat Oliphant, political cartoonist
   * 1936 - Ruth Buzzi, comedienne
   * 1942 - Chris Sarandon, actor
   * 1947 - Robert Hays, actor
   * 1949 - Michael Richards, comedian
   * 1951 - Lynda Carter, actress
   * 1951 - Chris Smith, British politician, first "out" gay MP
   * 1952 - Gus Van Sant, film director
   * 1957 - Pam Tillis, country and western singer
   * 1963 - Karl Malone, National Basketball Association player
   * 1964 - Barry Bonds, Major League Baseball player
   * 1965 - Kadeem Hardison, actor
   * 1968 - Laura Leighton, actress
   * 1970 - Jennifer Lopez, actress, singer
   * 1982 - Anna Paquin, actress

Deaths

   * 1862 - Martin Van Buren, eighth president of the United States
   * 1965 - Constance Bennett, actress
   * 1980 - Peter Sellers, actor
   * 1991 - Isaac Bashevis Singer, author, received Nobel Prize for
     Literature in 1978
   * 1996 - Mohammed Farah Aidid, Somali warlord

Holidays and observances

   * Ecuador - Simon Bol’var Day
   * Utah - Pioneer Day (1847)
   * Vanuatu - Children's Day
   * Venezuela - Birth of the Libertador (Simon Bol’var Day)
   * Ancient Latvia - Jekaupa Diena held

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