July 26

July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 158 days remaining.

Events

   * 1139 - Afonso, then a count, is procclaimed first king of Portugal and
     declares independence from Castile
   * 1788 - New York ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted
     as the 11th state of the United States.
   * 1847 - Liberia gains independence.
   * 1861 - American Civil War: George McClellan assumes command of the Army
     of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle
     of Bull Run.
   * 1863 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends - At Salineville, Ohio,
     Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers
     are captured by Union forces.
   * 1878 - In California, the poet and American West outlaw calling himself
     "Black Bart" makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box
     from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box will be found later with a
     taunting poem inside.
   * 1887 - L. L. Zamenhof publishes "Dr. Esperanto's International
     Language".
   * 1908 - United States Attorney General Charles Bonaparte issues an order
     to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed
     the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
   * 1941 - World War II: In response to the Japanese occupation of French
     Indo-China, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure of
     all Japanese assets in the United States.
   * 1945 - General election results in the United Kingdom are announced;
     The Labour Party wins 48% of the vote and a Parliamentary majority of
     146 seats (the largest in post-war British history). This is in spite
     of Conservative Party leader Winston Churchill's popularity.
   * 1947 - Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National
     Security Act into United States law creating the Central Intelligence
     Agency, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National
     Security Council.
   * 1948 - U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981
     desegregating the military of the United States.
   * 1953 - Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada
     Barracks beginning the Cuban Revolution.
   * 1956 - Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal
     sparking international condemnation.
   * 1958 - Explorer program: Explorer 4 is launched.
   * 1966 - Lord Gardiner issues the Practice Statement in the House of
     Lords stating that the House is not bound to follow its own previous
     precedent.
   * 1968 - Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Truong Dinh Dzu
     is sentenced to five years hard labor for advocating the formation of a
     coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.
   * 1971 - Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15.
   * 1989 - A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert
     Tappan Morris, Jr. for releasing a computer worm, thus becoming the
     first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse
     Act.
   * 1991 - Paul Reubens, better known as Pee Wee Herman, is arrested for
     masturbating at a Sarasota, Florida adult theatre.

Births

   * 1782 - John Field, composer (+ 1837)
   * 1856 - George Bernard Shaw, author, playwright, recipient of the Nobel
     Prize in Literature 1925 (+ 1950)
   * 1865 - Philipp Scheidemann, politician (+ 1939)
   * 1875 - Carl Gustav Jung, founded analytic psychology (+ 1961)
   * 1894 - Aldous Huxley, author (+ 1963)
   * 1895 - Robert Graves, writer (+ 1985)
   * 1897 - Paul Gallico, author (+ 1976)
   * 1902 - Gracie Allen, actress, comedienne (+ 1964)
   * 1903 - Estes Kefauver, former United States Senator from Tennessee (+
     1963)
   * 1908 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile 1970-1973 (+ 1973)
   * 1909 - Vivian Vance, actress (+ 1979)
   * 1920 - Bob Waterfield, National Football League player (+ 1983)
   * 1921 - Jean Shepherd, writer (+ 1999)
   * 1922 - Blake Edwards, movie director
   * 1922 - Jason Robards, actor (+ 2000)
   * 1923 - Hoyt Wilhelm, Major League Baseball player
   * 1928 - Stanley Kubrick, movie director (+ 1999)
   * 1939 - John Howard, Australian Prime Minister
   * 1943 - Mick Jagger, musician
   * 1944 - Micki King, Olympic gold medal diver
   * 1945 - Helen Mirren, actress
   * 1956 - Dorothy Hamill, Olympic gold medal figure skater
   * 1959 - Kevin Spacey, Academy Award winning actor
   * 1964 - Sandra Bullock, actress
   * 1973 - Kate Beckinsale, actress

Deaths

   * 796 - Offa, king of Mercia
   * 1863 - Sam Houston, American politician, former President of Texas
   * 1925 - Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician
   * 1925 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician
   * 1932 - Frederick Duesenberg, automotive inventor
   * 1935 - Winsor McCay, early cartoonist
   * 1952 - Eva Per—n, former President of Argentina
   * 1969 - Frank Loesser, composer
   * 1984 - Ed Gein, serial killer
   * 1986 - Averell Harriman, American diplomat

Holidays and Observances

   * Cuba - Anniversary of the Moncada Barracks Attack Day (1953),
     Revolution Day
   * Liberia - Independence Day
   * Maldives - Independence Day
   * India - Vijay Divas (end of Kargil War)

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