July 5

July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 179 days remaining.

Events

   * 1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for
     Newfoundland.
   * 1687 - Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica is
     published.
   * 1803 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of
     Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).
   * 1811 - Venezuela is the first South American country to declare
     independence from Spain.
   * 1813 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser,
     Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
   * 1814 - War of 1812: Battle Of Chippawa - American Major General Jacob
     Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.
   * 1830 - France invades Algeria.
   * 1865 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the
     Salvation Army).
   * 1865 - The world's first maximum speed law is enacted in Great Britain.
   * 1884 - Germany takes possession of Cameroon.
   * 1937 - Highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass,
     Saskatchewan: 45 ¡C.
   * 1940 - World War II: The United Kingdom and the Vichy France government
     break off diplomatic relations.
   * 1941 - World War II: German troops reach the Dniepr River.
   * 1943 - World War II: Battle of Kursk - The largest tank battle in
     history begins.
   * 1943 - World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails to Sicily.
   * 1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared.
   * 1946 - The bikini is introduced.
   * 1948 - British National Health Service Act enacted.
   * 1950 - Korean War: Task Force Smith - First clash between American and
     North Korean forces.
   * 1950 - Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all
     Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.
   * 1951 - William Shockley invents the junction transistor.
   * 1954 - Elvis Presley has his first commercial recording session. He
     sang That's All Right (Mama) and Blue Moon of Kentucky.
   * 1962 - Algeria becomes independent from France.
   * 1971 - Right to vote: The voting age in the United States is reduced to
     18 from 21 (provision of the 26th Amendment formally certified by
     President Richard Nixon on this day).
   * 1975 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon
     singles title.
   * 1975 - Cape Verde gains its independence from Portugal.
   * 1986 - The Statue of Liberty is reopened to the public after an
     extensive refurbishing.
   * 1998 - Japan launches a probe to Mars, and thus joins the United States
     and Russia as a space exploring nation.
   * 2003 - Taiwan is the last territory to be removed from the WHO's list
     of SARS affected areas.

Births

   * 1781 - Sir Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore
   * 1794 - Sylvester Graham, inventor of Graham cracker (+ 1851)
   * 1810 - Phineas Taylor Barnum, circus owner (+ 1891)
   * 1853 - Cecil Rhodes, South African politician (+ 1902)
   * 1865 - Hans Ziemann, physician (+ 1939)
   * 1886 - Willem Drees, prime minister of the Netherlands
   * 1888 - Herbert Spencer Gasser, phsychologist and recipient of the Nobel
     Prize in in Physiology or Medicine 1944 (+ 1963)
   * 1889 - Jean Cocteau, writer (+ 1963)
   * 1902 - Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., U.S. diplomat during the Vietnam War
   * 1909 - Andrei Gromyko, president of the Soviet Union
   * 1911 - Georges Pompidou, president of France (+ 1974)
   * 1941 - Barbara Frischmuth, writer
   * 1944 - Robbie Robertson, guitarist
   * 1950 - Michael Monarch, guitarist
   * 1950 - Huey Lewis, rock and roll musician
   * 1958 - Bill Watterson, cartoonist
   * 1963 - Edie Falco, actress, The Sopranos
   * 1996 - Dolly the sheep, the world's first cloned mammal

Deaths

   * 1681 - Feodor Aleksejevitch, tsar of Russia
   * 1920 - Max Klinger, artist
   * 1957 - Charles Sherwood Noble, inventor
   * 1975 - Otto Skorzeny, German commando who rescued Benito Mussolini in
     World War II
   * 1983 - Harry James, Big Band musician
   * 1998 - Sid Luckman, Hall of Fame football player
   * 2001 - Hannelore Kohl, wife of ex-chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl
     (suicide)
   * 2002 - Ted Williams, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame and player for
     the Boston Red Sox.

Holidays and observances

   * Algeria: Independence Day (1962)
   * Cape Verde: Independence Day (1975)
   * Isle of Man: Tynwald Day (Parliament Day) (1266)
   * Venezuela: Independence Day (1811)
   * Church of the SubGenius: X-Day (1998)

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