1813

Events

   * April 27 - War of 1812: Battle of York - United States troops raid,
     destroy, but do not hold the capital of Ontario, York (present day
     Toronto, Ontario).
   * May 2 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Lźtzen
   * May 20-May 21 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Bautzen
   * May 27 - War of 1812: In Canada, United States forces capture Fort
     George.
   * June-Autumn - series of victories of the Duke of Wellington (and
     others) over Napoleon Bonaparte
   * July 5 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser,
     Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
   * August 19 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second
     triumvirate.
   * August 26-August 27 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Dresden
   * September - Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate of Britain
   * September 10 - War of 1812: Oliver Perry defeats a British fleet in the
     Battle of Lake Erie
   * October 5 - War of 1812: William Henry Harrison defeats the British at
     the Battle of the Thames, killing native leader Tecumseh
   * October 16-October 19 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig
   * October 25 - War of 1812: Charles de Salaberry defeats an American
     invasion at the Battle of Chateauguay
   * November 11 - War of 1812: the Americans are defeated at the Battle of
     Chrysler's Farm
   * December 29 - War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York
   * Russian troops reach and take Berlin without a fight after the French
     garrison evacuated the city.

Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy

   * 1813 in literature:
        o French-American writer Jean de CrŽvecoeur, died of a heart ailment
          that was discovered when he was arrested in his native France as
          an American spy.

Births

   * January 19 - Sir Henry Bessemer, inventor
   * February 11 - Otto Ludwig, German novelist/playwright/critic.
   * March 9 - Giuseppe Verdi, italian opera composer
   * March 19 - David Livingstone, missionary and explorer (+ 1873)
   * March 27 - Nathaniel Currier, illustrator
   * May 22 - Richard Wagner, German composer
   * Abbas I - pasha of Egypt
   * Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher

Deaths

   * Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan
   * April 27 - General Zebulon Pike
   * October 5 - Tecumseh
   * November 12 - Jean de CrŽvecoeur, French-American writer

Heads of states

   * Denmark - Frederick VI King of Denmark (1808-1839), and King of Norway
     (1808-1814)
   * France - NapolŽon I Emperor of France (1804-1814)
   * Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)
   * Prussia - Frederick William III King of Prussia (1797-1840)
   * Spain - Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain (1808-1813)
   * Russia - Alexander I Tsar of Russia (1801-1825)

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