1848

Events

   * January 24 - California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at
     Sutter's Mill near Sacramento
   * February 2 - Mexican-American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is
     signed, ending the war.
   * February 2 - California Gold Rush: The first ship with Chinese
     emigrants seeking fortune in California's gold country arrive in San
     Francisco.
   * February 21 - Karl Marx publishes The Communist Manifesto.
   * February 24 - Abdication of Le Roi-Citoyen (citizen king) Louis
     Philippe, King of the French and the proclamation of the Second
     Republic.
   * March 7 - The Great Mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii.
   * March 10 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United
     States Senate, ending the Mexican-American War.
   * March 20 - King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates
   * March 29 - An upstream ice jam stops almost all water flow over Niagara
     Falls.
   * May 19 - Mexican-American War: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - Mexico
     ratifies the treaty thus ending the war and ceding Texas, California
     and most of Arizona and New Mexico to the United States for $15 million
     dollars.
   * May 29 - Wisconsin is admitted as the 30th U.S. state.
   * July 19 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens
     in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the
     feminist convention.
   * July 29 - Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt - In Tipperary, an
     unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put-down by a
     government police force.
   * August 19 - California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news
     to the East Coast of the United States, that there is a gold rush in
     California (although the rush started in January).
   * November 3 - Greatly revised Dutch constitution proclaimed
   * December 10 - Prince Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte elected first president
     of the French Second Republic.
   * December 20 - President Bonaparte takes his Oath of Office in front of
     the French National Assembly.

   * Wave of republican and democratic uprisings throughout Europe, mostly
     unsuccessful (see Revolution of 1848).
   * Gold is discovered at Sutters Mill in Coloma, California.
   * November - Zachary Taylor defeats Lewis Cass in the U.S. presidential
     election.
   * Women hold Seneca Falls Convention in New York.
   * Associated Press is founded.
   * Boston Public Library is founded by an act of the Great and General
     Court of Massachusetts,
   * First railway in Spain is opened, with line Barcelona to Matar— (circa
     40 km).
   * Illinois and Michigan Canal is completed.
   * Independent Republic of Yucatan joins Mexico in exchange for Mexican
     help in surpressing revolt by Maya Indians.
   * Serfdom is abolished in Austro-Hungarian Empire.
   * John Bird Sumner becomes archbishop of Canterbury.
   * British, Dutch, and German governments lay claim to New Guinea.
   * Admiral Nevelskoi explores Strait of Tartary.
   * Dunedin, New Zealand is founded.
   * University of Ottawa is founded.
   * University of Mississippi is founded.
   * University of Wisconsin, Madison is founded.
   * Geneva College in Pennsylvania is founded.
   * Holmes County, Florida is created.
   * Elizabeth Gaskell publishes Mary Barton anonymously.
   * Henrik Ibsen publishes first play Catilina.
   * Ivar Aasen publishes Grammar of the Norwegian Dialects.
   * Robert Schumann composes opera Genoveva.
   * Richard Wagner begins writing libretto that will become The Ring of the
     Nibelung.

Births

   * January 19 - John F. Stairs, businessman, statesman (+ 1904)
   * February 5 - Joris-Karl Huysmans, author (+ 1907)
   * February 5 - Belle Starr, outlaw (+ 1889)
   * February 8 - Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist, author (+ 1908)
   * February 16 - Octave Mirbeau French art critic, novelist (+ 1917)
   * February 18 - Louis Comfort Tiffany, American glass artist (+ 1933)
   * February 24 - Andrew Inglis Clark, Tasmanian politician (+ 1907)
   * February 24 - Grant Allen, author (+ 1899)
   * February 25 - Edward Harriman, railroad entrepreneur
   * February 27 - Hubert Parry, English composer (+ 1918)
   * March 10 - Albert Fraenkel, physician (+ 1916)
   * March 19 - Wyatt Earp, policeman, gunfighter (+ 1929)
   * May 18 - Princess Louise of the United Kingdom, fourth daughter of
     Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
   * May 23 - Otto Lilienthal, engineer (+ 1896)
   * June 7 - Paul Gauguin, French artist
   * July 6 - Gabor Baross, Hungarian statesman (+ 1892)
   * July 25 - George Robert Aberigh-Mackay, Anglo-Indian writer (+ 1881)
   * November 13 - Albert I of Monaco
   * November 29 - John Ambrose Fleming, English electrical engineer,
     inventor of Fleming valve (+ 1945)
   * George Robert Aberigh-Mackay - English author
   * Vilfredo Pareto, economist (+ 1923)
   * Marie Fyodorovna Romanova, empress of Russia (+ 1928)
   * W. S. Stratton, American miner (+ 1902)

Deaths

   * January 19 - Isaac D'Israeli, English author, father of Benjamin
     Disraeli
   * February 23 - John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States.
   * March 29 - John Jacob Astor, American businessman
   * June 27 - Denis Auguste Affre, archbishop of Paris
   * July 16 - Jons Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist
   * August 12 - George Stephenson, locomotive pioneer
   * November 23 - Sir John Barrow, English statesman
   * November 24 - Lord Melbourne, British Prime Minister
   * December 19 - Emily Bronte, author
   * Edward Baines, British newspaperman, politician
   * Gaetano Donizetti, Italian opera composer

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