1854

Events

   * January 13 - The accordion is patented by Anthony Faas.
   * February 11 - Major streets lit by coal gas for first time
   * February 17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange Free
     State
   * February 28 - The United States Republican Party is organized in Ripon,
     Wisconsin.
   * March 28 - Crimean War: United Kingdom and France declare war on
     Russia, to begin the Crimean War.
   * March 31 - Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy, signs the
     Treaty/Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the
     ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. (See History of Japan)
   * May 30 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US
     territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
   * July 6 - In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the U.S.
     Republican Party is held.
   * October 25 - The Battle of Balaclava occurs, overall a victory for the
     allies, but it included the disasterous Cavalry Charge of the Light
     Brigade, from which only 200 of 700 men survive

   * Frederick Augustus Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony
   * Stockholm, Wisconsin is founded by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden
     (cf 1252)
   * Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman, of Yale University is the first
     to fractionate petroleum by distillation
   * Said Pasha becomes Khedive of Egypt

Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy

   * 1854 in literature:
        o Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity

Births

   * January 18 - Thomas Watson, telephone pioneer
   * February 17 - Friedrich Alfred Krupp, industrialist (+ 1902)
   * March 14 - Paul Ehrlich, physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in
     Physiology or Medicine 1908 (+ 1915)
   * March 15 - Emil Adolf von Behring, winner of the Nobel Prize in
     Physiology or Medicine 1901
   * July 3 - Leos Janacek, Czech composer
   * July 12 - George Eastman, inventor of the Kodak camera
   * August 2 - Milan I, king of Serbia
   * October 16 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer

Deaths

   * April 15 - Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist
   * Abbas I, Khedive of Egypt

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