1857

Events

   * January 9 - Earthquake at Fort Tejon, California with an estimated
     magnitude of 7.9 .
   * February 16 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet
     University) is established in Washington, DC becoming the first school
     for the advanced education of the deaf.
   * March 3 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
   * March 6 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred
     Scott v. Sandford case.
   * March 23 - Elisha Otis' first elevator is installed (at 488 Broadway,
     New York City)
   * May 10 - Indian Mutiny: In India, the sepoys revolt against the British
     Army.
   * May 11 - Indian Mutiny: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
   * December 31 - Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of
     Canada

   * The Supreme Court of the United States decides the Dred Scott case,
     driving the country further towards the American Civil War
   * The Mormons abandon Las Vegas
   * Founding of Hollywood
   * Restoration of the Mexican republic (see Mexico/History)
   * James Buchanan succeeds Franklin Pierce as President of the United
     States of America
   * Discovery of La Tene culture artefacts in Switzerland by Hansli Kopp.
   * Philip Henry Gosse writes Omphalos text elaborating a Creationist
     school of thought

Births

   * February 22 - Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts / the
     Scouting youth movement (d. 1941)
   * February 22 - Heinrich Hertz, physicist
   * March 8 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, composer (d. 1919)
   * April 5 - Alexander of Battenberg, first prince of Bulgaria
   * July 23 - Carl Meinhof (died 1944) German linguist
   * September 13 - Milton S. Hershey, founder of the Hershey Chocolate
     Company
   * November 26 - Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist
   * November 28 - Alfonso XII of Spain, later one of the Kings of Spain
   * December 3 - Joseph Conrad, Polish/British novelist (Heart of Darkness)
   * Joseph Tabrar, one of the most famous songwriters of British Music Hall

Deaths

   * September 3 - John McLoughlin, Hudson's Bay Company Factor
   * Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician

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