1865

Events

   * January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee
     becomes general-in-chief.
   * February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as
     Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
   * February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes
     slavery.
   * March 3 - The United States Congress authorizes formation of the
     Freedmen's Bureau
   * March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America
     reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops.
   * March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States
     of America adjourns for the last time
   * March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the
     end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from
     Greenville, North Carolina.
   * March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture
     Fort Stedman from the Union.
   * March 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins
   * April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg,
     Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
   * April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and
     most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia
     which is taken the next day.
   * April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to
     Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil
     War.
   * April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes
     Booth.
   * April 26 - Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston
     Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
   * April 26 - American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston
     surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham
     Station, North Carolina.
   * April 27 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes
     and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were
     Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.
   * May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union
     troops near Irwinville, Georgia.
   * May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south
     Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the
     last land battle of the civil war ends with a Union victory.
   * May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate
     the ending of the American Civil War.
   * May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama
     when an ordnance depot explodes.
   * July 5 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to
     the Salvation Army).
   * July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill
     Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true
     western showdown.
   * July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.
   * December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku
     Klux Klan.

   * Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of Mendelian inheritance.
   * A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres
     of timber.
   * Leopold II becomes King of Belgium

Births

   * February 19 - Sven Hedin, scientist (+ 1952)
   * March 19 - William Morton Wheeler, american entomologist and ethologist
   * May 25 - Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize winner (+ 1943)
   * May 26 - Robert W. Chambers, artist (+ 1933)
   * June 3 - King George V of the United Kingdom
   * August 24 - King Ferdinand of Romania
   * October 1 - Paul Dukas, French composer
   * October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, went down on Titanic
   * December 8 - Jean Sibelius, composer

Deaths

   * April 2 - A.P. Hill, Confederate general
   * April 15 - Abraham Lincoln, US President
   * April 26 - John Wilkes Booth, actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln
   * October 18 - Lord Palmerston, Prime Minister of Britain
   * December 10 - Leopold I of Belgium.

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