1881

Events

   * January 25 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental
     Telephone Company
   * February 5 - Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated.
   * February 19 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all
     alcoholic beverages.
   * March 13 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb
     is thrown at him.
   * May 12 - In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate.
   * May 21 - The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.
   * July 4 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
   * July 20 - Indian Wars: Sioux chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his
     fugitive people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford in
     Montana.
   * Change of US presidency from Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) to James
     Garfield
   * Change of US presidency from James Garfield to Chester A. Arthur
     (1881-1885)
   * Founding of the Pali Text Society
   * The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) is founded,
     and the first U.S. Championships are played.

Births

   * January 6 - Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of
     Representatives (+ 1961)
   * January 16 - Sir Arthur Percy Morris Fleming, radio pioneer
   * February 12 - Anna Pavlova, ballerina (+ 1931)
   * March 12 - Kemal Ataturk, founder and first president of the Turkish
     Republic (+ 1938)
   * March 25 - Bˇla Bart—k, Hungarian composer.
   * March 25 - Mary Gladys Webb, writer (+ 1927)
   * June 17 - Tommy Burns, World Heavyweight Boxing Champion
   * August 6 - Sir Alexander Fleming, British discoverer of penicillin.
   * October 15 - P. G. Wodehouse, British-American writer
   * October 25 - Pablo Picasso, painter
   * November 14 - Nicholas Schenck motion-picture empresario (+ 1969)
   * November 24 - Al Christie, early Hollywood director/producer (+ 1951)

Deaths

   * March 13 - Tsar Alexander II of Russia
   * October 31 - George Washington DeLong, American naval officer and
     ill-fated explorer

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