1912

Events:

   * January 1 - Establishment of Republic of China in mainland China.
   * January 6 - New Mexico is admitted as the 47th U.S. state.
   * Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of continental drift
   * February 12 - China adopts the Gregorian calendar
   * February 14 - Arizona is admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
   * February 14 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered
     submarine is commissioned.
   * March 1 - Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving
     airplane.
   * March 5 - Italian forces are the first to use dirigibles for a military
     purpose by using them for reconnaissance west of Tripoli behind Turkish
     lines.
   * March 7 - Roald Amundsen announces discovery of the South Pole
   * March 10 - China becomes a republic following the overthrow of the
     Manchu Qing Dynasty.
   * March 12 - The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts) are founded.
   * March 30 - France establishes a protectorate over Morocco.
   * April 15 - Sinking of the S.S. Titanic.
   * May 13 - In the United Kingdom, the Royal Flying Corps (now the Royal
     Air Force) in established.
   * May 23 - John Payne, actor († 1989)
   * July 30 - In Japanese History, end of the Meiji Era and beginning of
     the Taisho Era.
   * August 25 - Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party is founded
   * October 8 - First Balkan War begins: Montenegro declares war against
     Turkey.
   * October 14 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former
     president Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper William Schrank.
     With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still
     delivers his scheduled speech.
   * November - Woodrow Wilson defeats Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard
     Taft in the U.S. presidential election
   * December 14 - Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen and a team of
     four, become the first people to reach the South Pole.
   * Sea Scouting begins under the aegis of the Boy Scouts of America
   * Kazimierz Funk identifies vitamins.
   * The first blues song, "The Memphis Blues," is published.

Births:

   * January 7 - Charles Addams, cartoonist
   * January 8 - JosŽ Ferrer, actor († 1992)
   * January 14 - Rudolf Hagelstange, German lyricist, narrator and essayist
     († 1984)
   * January 16 - Franz Tumler, Austrian narrator († 1998)
   * January 28 - Jackson Pollock, painter, initiator of Dripping painting
     († 1956)
   * January 30 - Barbara W. Tuchman, historian († 1989)
   * February 6 - Eva Braun, Adolf Hitler's mistress († 1945)
   * February 11 - Roy Fuller English poet/novelist.
   * February 11 - Rudolf Firkusny Napajedla, Czechoslovakian, pianist.
   * February 18 - Heinz KŸhn, politician († 1992)
   * February 19 - Stan Kenton, musician († 1979)
   * February 20 - Pierre Boulle, author
   * February 27 - Lawrence Durrell, writer († 1990)
   * March 12 - Irving Layton, poet
   * March 14 - Les Brown, band leader († 2001)
   * March 15 - Lightnin' Hopkins, musician († 1982)
   * March 16 - Pat Nixon, actress, First Lady († 1993)
   * March 17 - Bayard Rustin, civil rights activist († 1987)
   * March 22 - Karl Malden, actor
   * March 23 - Wernher von Braun, physicist and engineer († 1977)
   * March 27 - James Callaghan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
   * March 31 - Hermann Hšcherl, politician († 1989)
   * April 8 - Sonja Henie, Olympic and World Champion figure skater
   * April 26 - A.E. van Vogt, science fiction writer († 2000)
   * April 28 - Odette Sansom, SOE agent, WW II heroine (+ 1995)
   * May 9 - Pedro Armend‡riz, actor († 1963)
   * May 12 - Archibald Cox, U.S. Solicitor General and Watergate special
     prosecutor
   * May 14 - Ben Hogan, golfer († 1997)
   * May 16 - Studs Terkel, writer
   * May 18 - Walter Sisulu, anti-apartheid activist († 2003)
   * May 18 - Perry Como, singer († 2001)
   * May 27 - Sam Snead († 2002)
   * May 28 - Patrick White, author († 1990)
   * May 30 - Joseph Stein, playwright
   * May 31 - Alfred Deller, singer, early modern countertenor (†
     1979)
   * June 26 - Jay Silverheels, actor († 1980)
   * July 1 - David R. Brower, founder of many environmentalist
     organizations († 2000)
   * July 14 - Woody Guthrie, folk musician († 1969)
   * July 17 - Art Linkletter, television host
   * August 30 - Nancy Wake, WW II heroine
   * September 5 - John Cage, American composer
   * September 12 - Jacques Fath, French couturier († 1954)
   * September 21 - Chuck Jones, animator
   * September 29 - Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director
   * October 21 - Georg Solti, conductor († 1997)
   * October 27 - Conlon Nancarrow, composer († 1997)
   * November 26 - Eugene Ionesco, playwright († 1994)

Deaths:

   * March 29 - Robert Falcon Scott, explorer
   * March 30 - Karl May, author
   * April 15 - Most of crew and passengers on the Titanic
   * April 15 - John Jacob Astor IV, businessman aboard the Titanic
   * April 15 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, aboard the Titanic
   * May 14 - August Strindberg
   * May 25 - Austin Lane Crothers, politician

Nobel Prizes

   * Physics - Nils Gustaf DalŽn
   * Chemistry - not awarded
   * Medicine - Alexis Carrel
   * Literature - Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
   * Peace - Elihu Root

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