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1953
Events * January 7 - President Harry Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. * January 13 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia. * January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S Truman (1945-1953) to Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961). * January 22 - The Crucible, a drama by Arthur Miller, opens on Broadway. * January 31, February 1 - North Sea flood kills 1,835 people in the southwestern Netherlands and 307 in the United Kingdom. * February 5 - The movie Peter Pan premieres (Roxy Theatre, New York City). * February 11 - President Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. * February 11 - The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations with Israel. * February 18 - The first 3D film, Bwana Devil opens. * February 19 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States. * February 28 - James Watson and Francis Crick announce that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA. * March 5 - After 29 years of ruling the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin dies. * March 6 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. * March 18 - An earthquake hits western Turkey killing 250. * March 26 - Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine. * April 7 - Dag Hammarskjšld is elected United Nations Secretary General. * April 25 - Francis Crick and James Watson publish Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid describing the double helix structure of DNA. * May 18 - At Rogers Dry Lake, California Jacqueline Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier (she flew in a F-86 Sabrejet at an average speed of 652.337 miles-per-hour). * May 25 - Nuclear testing: At the Nevada Test Site, the United States conducts its first and only nuclear artillery test. * May 29 - Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing perform the first successful ascent to the summit of Mount Everest. * June 2 - Coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey. * June 17 - Workers Uprising in East Germany. * July 26 - Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks sparking the Cuban Revolution. * July 27 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea sign an armistice agreement. * August 7 - Ohio admitted to the union, retroactive to 1803. * August 19 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. * September 7 - Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee. * October 12 - "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York. * October 30 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat. * October - The UNIVAC 1103 is the first commercial computer to use random access memory. * December 30 - The first color television sets go on sale for about $1,175 (American dollars). Art, Culture & Fashion * 1953 in film o From Here to Eternity o Julius Caesar o The Robe * 1953 in literature o Casino Royale, the first James Bond novel published * 1953 in music o Elvis Presley records for the first time * 1953 in television o January 19 - 68% of all United States television sets were tuned in to I Love Lucy to watch Lucy give birth o February 18 - Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz sign an $8,000,000 contract to continue the I Love Lucy television series through 1955. o March 25 - CBS concedes victory to RCA in the war over color television standards. o April 3 - TV Guide is published for the first time, with 10 editions and a circulation of 1,562,000 o May 25 - KUHT in Houston, becomes the first non-commercial educational TV station o The Tonight Show begins as a local New York variety show. o August 30 - NBC's Kukla, Fran, and Ollie Show is broadcast in color o October 19 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius La Rosa on the air. o November - RCA tests its compatible color TV system on the air for the first time with a telecast of the Colgate Comedy Hour. o December 24 - NBC's Dragnet becomes the first network-sponsored television program. o December 17 - The FCC reverses its 1951 decision and approves the RCA/NTSC color system o Japanese television goes on the air for the first time * 1953 in theater o July 13 - First lines of the first play produced by the Stratford Shakespeare Festival (Richard III) are spoken. Births * January 10 - Pat Benatar, singer * January 10 - Bobby Rahal, automobile racer * January 19 - Desi Arnaz Jr., actor * January 21 - Paul Allen, entrepreneur * January 22 - Jim Jarmusch, director * January 26 - Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark * February 7 - Lige Curry, musician (P Funk) * February 8 - Mary Steenburgen, actress * February 11 - Philip Anglim, actor * February 11 - Stephen D. Thorne, astronaut * February 11 - Alan Rubin, music figure * February 17 - Norman Pace, actor, comic * February 21 - William Petersen, actor * February 25 - JosŽ Mar’a Aznar, Spanish politician * March 12 - Ron Jeremy, pornographic film actor * March 12 - Carl Hiaasen, author * March 16 - Richard Stallman, Free software proponent * March 16 - Isabelle Huppert, actress * March 23 - Chaka Khan, singer * April 1 - Barry Sonnenfeld, producer, director * April 11 - Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium * April 22 - Frank Netzel, Political activist * May 6 - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of Great Britain * May 15 - Mike Oldfield, composer * May 16 - Pierce Brosnan, actor * May 19 - Victoria Wood, British comic actress * May 26 - Michael Portillo, politician * May 29 - Danny Elfman, (composer) * May 30 - Colm Meaney, actor * June 8 - Bonnie Tyler, singer * June 13 - Tim Allen, actor * July 29 - Geddy Lee, musician with Rush, * October 9 - Tony Shalhoub, actor * October 16 - Terrence John Mason, American violinist * October 22 - Jeff Goldblum, actor * November 18 - Alan Moore, comicbook writer, writer, performer, magician Deaths * March 5 - Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader * March 5 - Sergei Prokofiev, Soviet composer * March 5 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, writer, producer * March 24 - Queen Mary the Dowager Queen Mother, formerly Mary of Teck, widow of King George V of the United Kingdom * March 28 - Jim Thorpe, athlete * September 2 - General Jonathan Wainwright, US Medal of Honor recipient * October 3 - Arnold Bax, composer * November 8 - John van Melle, South African author * November 9 - Dylan Thomas, poet and author * November 29 - Sam De Grasse, pioneer Hollywood actor * November 30 - Francis Picabia, painter, poet Nobel Prizes * Physics - Frits (Frederik) Zernike * Chemistry - Hermann Staudinger * Medicine - Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann * Literature - Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill * Peace - George Catlett Marshall
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