1965

Events

   * January 4 - United States President Lyndon Johnson proclaims his "Great
     Society" during his State of the Union address.
   * January 26 - Hindi becomes the official language of India.
   * February 9 - Vietnam War: The first United States combat troops are
     sent to South Vietnam
   * February 15 - A new red and white maple leaf design is adopted as the
     flag of Canada replacing the old Red Ensign standard.
   * February 18 - The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom
   * February 20 - Ranger 8 crashes into the moon after a successful mission
     of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program
     astronauts.
   * February 21 - Malcolm X is assassinated at his mosque in New York City
     by Black Muslims.
   * March 7 - Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama
   * March 8 - Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South
     Vietnam becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.
   * March 18 - cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov becomes the first person to walk in
     space from spacecraft Voskhod 2
   * March 21 - Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in
     a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
   * March 23 - NASA launches Gemini 3 which is the United States' first
     two-person space flight took (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
   * March 25 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. begin
     march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.
   * April 24 - Fighting breaks out in the Dominican Republic as officers
     loyal to deposed President Juan Bosch lead a mutiny against the right
     wing junta running the country. US troops are later sent by President
     Lyndon B. Johnson for the stated purpose of protecting US citizens and
     preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country.
   * April 28 - Vietnam War: Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies
     announces that the country will substantially increase its number of
     troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon
     government, although it is later revealed that Menzies had asked the
     leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the
     Americans.
   * July 14 - Mariner 4 flyby of Mars.
   * July 24 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at
     Kang Chi are the targets of antiaircraft missiles in the first such
     attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the
     other three sustain damage.
   * July 28 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his
     order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam
     from 75,000 to 125,000.
   * July 29 - Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division
     paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
   * July 30 - War on Poverty: US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the
     Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and
     Medicaid.
   * August 6 - US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act
     of 1965 into United States law.
   * August 9 - Singapore proclaims its independence from the Malaysian
     Federation.
   * August 18 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins - 5,500 United
     States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong
     peninsula in Quang Ngai Province in the first major American ground
     battle of the war. The Marines were tipped-off by a Viet Cong deserter
     who said that there was an attack planned against the US base at Chu
     Lai.
   * September 6 - War of 1965: India attacks Pakistan and announces that
     its forces will capture Lahore (city of Pakistan) in an hour.
   * September 7 - Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation
     Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate
     Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 miles south of the Chu
     Lai Marine base.
   * September 14 - Opening of fourth and final period of Second Vatican
     Council
   * October 15 - Vietnam War: The anti-war student-run National
     Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first
     public burning of a draft card in the United States.
   * October 28 - In St. Louis, Missouri, the 630-foot-tall parabolic steel
     Gateway Arch is completed.
   * October 30 - Vietnam War: Just miles from Da Nang, United States
     Marines repel an intense attack by wave after wave of Viet Cong forces,
     killing 56 guerrillas. Among the dead, a sketch of Marine positions was
     found on the body of a 13-year-old Vietnamese boy who sold drinks to
     the Marines the day before.
   * December 8 - Closing of Second Vatican Council
   * December 30 - Ferdinand Marcos becomes President of the Philippines

   * TAT-4 cable goes into operation.
   * Riots in Watts, a neighbourhood of Los Angeles, California.
   * Mont Blanc tunnel between France and Italy completed.
   * Medicaid is founded in the United States

Art, Culture & Fashion

   * 1965 in film
        o The Sound of Music
        o Doctor Zhivago
        o The Greatest Story Ever Told starring Josˇ Ferrer, Charlton
          Heston, Martin Landau, John Wayne, Angela Lansbury, Roddy
          McDowall, Shelley Winters, Pat Boone and others
        o Help!, starring The Beatles
   * 1965 in music
        o February 11 - Beatle Ringo Starr marries Maureen Cox.
        o August - Paul Simon releases UK-only LP The Paul Simon Song Book.
        o 1965 is the title of an Afghan Whigs album released in 1998.
   * 1965 in television
        o March 24 - Live TV pictures from U.S. unmanned moon probe "Ranger
          9" transmitted prior to impact.
        o Sony introduces the Betamax, a home video tape recorder
        o Nearly all of NBC's programs are now broadcast in color.

Births

   * January 15 - Adam Jones, musician of Tool
   * January 25 - Dominik Hasek, ice hockey player
   * January 27 - Alan Cumming, actor
   * February 1 - Brandon Lee, actor (+ 1993)
   * February 1 - Sherilyn Fenn, actress
   * February 1 - Princess Stephanie of Monaco
   * February 11 - Angie Ridgeway, golfer
   * February 11 - Stephen Gregory, actor
   * February 18 - Dr. Dre, rap music performer, music producer
   * March 25 - Sarah Jessica Parker, actress
   * April 4 - Robert Downey Jr., actor
   * May 9 - Steve Yzerman, ice hockey player
   * May 14 - Eoin Colfer, writer
   * May 15 - Lizi Rodriguez, psychologist and media psychotherapist
   * May 17 - Trent Reznor, musician
   * May 28 - Chris Ballew, musician
   * May 31 - Brooke Shields, actress
   * June 1 - Nigel Short, chess player
   * June 10 - Elizabeth Hurley, actress
   * July 31 - Joanne Kathleen Rowling, author of Harry Potter
   * August 14 - Emmanuelle Beart, Cesar Award winning actress
   * August 28 - Shania Twain, musician
   * September 9 - Adam Sandler, American actor, comedian
   * October 5 - Mario Lemieux, hockey player
   * October 11 - Moby, musician
   * November 2 - Shah Rukh Khan, actor
   * November 20 - Ben Stiller, actor
   * December 3 - Katarina Witt, figure skater

Deaths

   * January 4 - T. S. Eliot, American/British poet
   * January 12 - Lorraine Hansberry, writer
   * January 14 - Jeanette MacDonald, actress, singer
   * January 20 - Alan Freed, disk jockey
   * January 24 - Winston Churchill, British politician
   * January 28 - Maxime Weygand, soldier
   * February 15 - Nat King Cole, singer, musician
   * February 21 - Malcolm X, writer, political activist
   * February 22 - Felix Frankfurter, justice of the Supreme Court of the
     United States
   * February 23 -Stan Laurel, British actor.
   * February 26 - George Adamski, UFO traveler
   * March 6 - Margaret Dumont, actress
   * March 13 - Corrado Gini, statistician
   * March 17 - Amos Alonzo Stagg, baseball, basketball and American
     football coach and player
   * March 18 - King Farouk I of Egypt
   * May 25 - Sonny Boy Williamson
   * August 27 - Le Corbusier, Swiss architect
   * Fan S. Noli, Albanian poet and political figure

Nobel Prizes

   * Physics - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
   * Chemistry - Robert Burns Woodward
   * Medicine - Fran¨ois Jacob, Andrˇ Lwoff, Jacques Monod
   * Literature - Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
   * Peace - United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Books

   * On Escalation by Herman Kahn coins the term escalation, a word closesly
     associated with the Cold War.

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