Libya

In Greek mythology, Libya was a daughter of Memphis and Epaphus. Poseidon
loved her. The country, Libya, described below, was named after her.

Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya is a Muslim country in North
Africa. Its capital is Tripoli.

(Note that in ancient Greece, Libya is used in a broader meaning,
encompassing all of North Africa west of Egypt. The three traditional parts
of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and the Cyrenaica.) In mythology,
Dido came from Libya.

Since 1969 Libya has been ruled by Colonel Moammar Al Qadhafi, who came to
power in a coup and deposed the Libyan monarchy.

The Libyan system of government is quite unusual. Qadhafi claims that Libya
is a "pure socialist state", and as such the formal institutions of
government are purposely quite vague. Qadhafi himself is not even
technically the "President" or "Prime Minister" of the country, and instead
describes himself as a sort of "guide" to help the Libyan people in
socialism. Libya has no constitution, and the laws of the land come from
Islamic law, and Qadhafi's "Green Book" of political philosophy.

In practice, however, Libya is essentially a dictatorship, with Qadhafi
ruling by decree, assisted by a small clique of military and political
officials. Libya has been accused of widespread human rights abuses, and
state sponsored terrorism.

On September 12, 2003, the United Nations ended sanctions against Libya
which had been imposed in 1992 following the Pan Am Flight 103 Lockerbie
disaster. The sanctions were lifted after Libya agreed to accept
responsibility and make payment of US$2.7 billion to the families of those
who died in the bombing.

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