1868

Events

   * First edition of the World Almanac published.
   * AcadŽmie Julian - a major art school established in Paris, France that
     admitted women.
   * January 3 - "Meiji Restoration" fully established in Japan and the
     Shogunate is abolished.
   * February 16 - In New York City the Jolly Gorks organization is renamed
     the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE).
   * February 24 - The first parade to have floats occurs at Mardi Gras in
     New Orleans, Louisiana.
   * Queen Isabella II of Spain derrocated.
   * February 24 - After Andrew Johnson tried to dismiss United States
     Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, he becomes the first President of
     the United States to be impeached by the United States House of
     Representatives. Johnson would later be acquitted by the United States
     Senate.
   * March 5 - A court of impeachment is organized in the United States
     Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson.
   * March 23 - The University of California is founded in Oakland,
     California when the Organic Act is signed into California law.
   * March 24 - Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is formed.
   * May 16 - President Andrew Johnson is acquitted during his impeachment
     trial, by one vote in the United States Senate.
   * May 30 - Memorial Day is observed in the United States for the first
     time (it was proclaimed on May 5 by General John Logan).
   * July 25 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory.
   * July 28 - The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is
     adopted guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons
     in the United States due process of law.
   * November - Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour in the U.S.
     presidential election
   * German opthamologist August Rothmund defines Rothmund-Thompson's
     syndrome.
   * December 25 - US President Andrew Johnson grants unconditional pardon
     to all Civil War rebels.

Births

   * S.P.L. S¿rensen - Danish chemist,
   * Georges Lacombe - French artist
   * February 23 - W.E.B. DuBois, civil rights leader (+ 1963)
   * March 28 - Maxim Gorky, author (+ 1936)
   * April 10 - George Arliss, actor
   * May 6 - Nicholas II of Russia (+ 1918)
   * May 6 - Gaston Leroux, writer (+ 1927)
   * July 14 - Gertrude Bell, archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator
     known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq" (+ 1926)
   * October 18 - Ernst Didring, Swedish writer (+ 1931)
   * November 24 - Scott Joplin, musician and composer.

Deaths

   * February 11 - LŽon Foucault, astronomer.
   * March 4 - Jesse Chisholm, Old West pioneer
   * March 28 - James Thomas Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, British
     military leader
   * May 23 - Kit Carson, trapper, scout, Indian agent, soldier, legend
   * June 1 - James Buchanan, U.S. President
   * Gioacchino Rossini, Italian composer.

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