Atanasoff Berry Computer

Atanasoff Berry Computer is the name, applied long after the fact, to an
experimental machine for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations,
developed in 1938-42 at Iowa State University by John Vincent Atanasoff and
Clifford E. Berry.

Because of the machine's innovative use of electronics for arithmetical
calculation, it has been described as the first "electronic digital
computer". However, it was a special-purpose, non-programmable "hard wired"
machine, which differentiates it from later, more general machines, such as
ENIAC.

The machine implemented three ideas that are still part of every modern
computer:

  1. Using binary digits to represent all numbers and data
  2. Performing all calculations rapidly using electronics rather than
     wheels, rachets, or mechanical switches
  3. Organizing a system in which computation and memory are separated.

The machine was seen by John Mauchly in 1941, and is alleged to have
influenced his later work on ENIAC. Mauchly denied this, but it was the
basis for a court decision invalidating the ENIAC patents.

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