Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy

   * 1934 - Richard Tolman shows that blackbody radiation in an expanding
     universe cools but remains thermal
   * 1941 - Andrew McKellar uses the excitation of CN doublet lines to
     measure that the "effective temperature of space" is about 2.3 K
   * 1948 - George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Herman predict that a Big
     Bang universe will have a blackbody cosmic microwave background with
     temperature about 5 K
   * 1955 - Tigran Shmaonov finds excess microwave emission with a
     temperature of roughly 3 K
   * 1964 - A. G. Doroshkevich and Igor Novikov write an unnoticed paper
     suggesting microwave searches for the blackbody radiation predicted by
     Gamow, Alpher, and Herman
   * 1965 - Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, Bernie Burke, Robert Dicke, and
     James Peebles discover the cosmic microwave background radiation
   * 1966 - Rainer Sachs and Arthur Wolfe theoretically predict microwave
     background fluctuation amplitudes created by gravitational potential
     variations between observers and the last scattering surface (see
     Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect)
   * 1968 - Martin Rees and Dennis Sciama theoretically predict microwave
     background fluctuation amplitudes created by photons traversing
     time-dependent potential wells
   * 1969 - R. A. Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich study the inverse Compton
     scattering of microwave background photons by hot electrons
   * 1990 - The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite shows that the
     microwave background has a nearly perfect blackbody spectrum and
     thereby strongly constrains the density of the intergalactic medium
   * 1992 - The COBE satellite discovers anisotropy in the cosmic microwave
     background
   * 2003 - the WMAP satellite produces a high resolution map of the cosmic
     microwave background.

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