Hepatitis

Hepatitis is any of several liver diseases characterised by inflammation,
liver enlargement, jaundice, fever and abdominal pain. It can be caused by a
number of different etiologies: some of these are drug, alcohol, or
toxin-induced hepatitis, autoimmune disease, cholestasis, and viral
hepatitis.

The commonest forms of viral hepatitis are known as hepatitis A, hepatitis
B, and hepatitis C; all three of these are caused by viruses that can be
transmitted sexually, by blood transfusion, or by shared syringes. Hepatitis
A (which is often a milder form of this disease), is frequently transmitted
by contaminated food, a route called fecal-oral contamination. Hepatitis B
more often involves transmission by exposure to blood or other body fluids.
About 1 million people die worldwide as a result of hepatitis B, often
either of liver failure or liver cancer.

Two other viruses are known, hepatitis D and E, but considered as
"additional" complications for types B and C.

Other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, can also
cause infectious hepatitis.

Hepatitis C infection can exist undetected for periods as long as 10 to 20
years, and researchers estimate that millions of people are infected and
have not yet displayed any symptoms.

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