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Athletics
Athletics (in the US also known as track and field or track and field athletics) is a collection of sport events, which can roughly be divided into running, throwing and jumping. Athletic events are usually organised around a 400 m running track, on which most of the running events take place. All of the field events, jumping and throwing, take place in the field in the centre of the running track. Many athletic events have an ancient origin and were already conducted in competitive form by the ancient Greeks. Athletics was included in the Olympic Games in 1896 and has been part of the program ever since. An international governing body, the IAAF was founded in 1912. The IAAF established separate outdoor World Championships in 1983. The AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) was the governing body in the United States until it collapsed under pressure from advancing professionalism in the late 1970's. A new governing body called The Athletics Congress (TAC) was formed, it was later renamed USA Track and Field (USATF or USA T&F). An additional, less structured organization, the Road Runners Club of America (RRCA) also exists in the USA to promote road racing. Both organizations allow athletes to receive money for racing putting an end to the "shamateurism" that existed before. Events This is not an exhaustive list of events. There are many variations not listed. For example, running events have many variations: races of unusual length (e.g. 300m) or using imperial measures. Men and women do not compete against each other and often times their events differ. * Track running o Sprints: events up to and including 400m. Common events are 60m, 100m, 200 m and 400 m. o Middle distance: events from 800 to 3000 m. Common events are 800 m, 1500 m, mile, 3000 m, 3000 m steeple chase. o Long Distance: events from 5000 m and up. Common events are 5000 m and 10000 m. o Hurdling: Common events are 100 m, 110 m, 400 m. o Road: conducted on open roads. Common events are half-marathon and marathon. o Walking: walking, usually conducted on open roads. Common events are 10 km, 20 km and 50 km. * Throwing o Shot put o Hammer throw o Javelin throw o Discus throw * Jumping o High jump o Long jump o Pole vault o Triple jump * Composite events o Pentathlon o Heptathlon o Decathlon World Records Men Event Performance Athlete Date, Place 100 m 9.78 Tim Montgomery Sept. 14, 2002, (U.S.) Paris, France 200 m 19.32 Michael Johnson Aug. 1, 1996, (U.S.) Atlanta, Ga. 400 m 43.18 Michael Johnson Aug. 26, 1999, (U.S.) Seville, Spain 800 m 1:41.11 Wilson Kipketer Aug. 24, 1997, (Denmark) Cologne, Germany 1,000 m 2:11.96 Noah Ngeny (Kenya) Sept. 5, 1999, Rieti, Italy 1,500 m 3:26.00 Hicham El Guerrouj July 14, 1998, Rome, (Morocco) Italy 2,000 m 4:44.79 Hicham El Guerrouj Sept. 7, 1999, (Morocco) Berlin, Germany 3,000 m 7:20.67 Daniel Komen (Kenya) Sept. 1, 1996, Rieti, Italy 5,000 m 12:39.36 Haile Gebrselassie June 13, 1998, (Ethiopia) Helsinki, Finland 10,000 m 26:22.75 Haile Gebrselassie June 1, 1998, (Ethiopia) Hengelo, Netherlands 20,000 m 56:55.6 Arturo Barrios March 30, 1991, La (Mexico) Flche, France 25,000 m 1:13:55.8 Toshihiko Seko March 22, 1981, (Japan) Christchurch, N.Z. 30,000 m 1:29:18.8 Toshihiko Seko March 22, 1981, (Japan) Christchurch, N.Z. 3,000 m Brahim Boulami Aug. 16, 2002, Steeplechase 7:55.72 (Morocco) Zrich, Switzerland 110 m Hurdles 12.91 Colin Jackson (U.K.) Aug. 20, 1993, Stuttgart, Germany 400 m Hurdles 46.78 Kevin Young (U.S.) Aug. 6, 1992, Barcelona, Spain High Jump 2.45 Javier Sotomayor July 27, 1993, (Cuba) Salamanca, Spain Pole Vault 6.14 Sergey Bubka July 31, 1994, (Ukraine) Sestriere, Italy Long Jump 8.95 Mike Powell (U.S.) Aug. 30, 1991, Tokyo, Japan Triple Jump 18.29 Jonathan Edwards Aug. 7, 1995, (U.K.) Gteborg, Sweden Shot Put 23.12 Randy Barnes (U.S.) May 20, 1990, Los Angeles, Calif. June 6, 1986, Discus 74.08 Jrgen Schult Neubrandenburg, (E.Ger.) E.Ger. Hammer 86.74 Yury Syedikh Aug. 30, 1986, (U.S.S.R.) Stuttgart, W.Ger. Javelin 98.48 Jan Zeleznŕ (Czech May 25, 1996, Jena, Rep.) Germany 9026 (10.64, 8.11, 15.33, 2.12, Decathlon 47.79, 13.92, Roman Sebrle (Czech May 27, 2001, 47.92, 4.80, Rep.) Gtzis, Austria 70.16, 4:21.98) 20,000 m Walk 1:17:21 Jefferson Prez Aug. 23, 2003, (Ecuador) Paris, France 30,000 m Walk 2:01:44.1 Maurizio Damilano Oct. 3, 1992, Cuneo, (Italy) Italy 50,000 m Walk 3:40:57.9 Thierry Toutain Sept. 29, 1996, (France) Hricourt, France Mike Marsh, Leroy 4x100 m Relay 37.40 Burrell, Dennis Aug. 8, 1992, Mitchell, Carl Lewis Barcelona, Spain (U.S.) Mike Marsh, Leroy 4x200 m Relay 1:18.68 Burrell, Floyd April 17, 1994, Heard, Carl Lewis Walnut, Calif. (U.S.) Jerome Young, Antonio Pettigrew, 4x400 m Relay 2:54.20 Tyree Washington, July 22, 1998, New Michael Johnson York City (U.S.) Peter Elliott, Garry 4x800 m Relay 7:03.89 Cook, Steve Cram, Aug. 30, 1982, Sebastian Coe (U.K.) London, England Thomas Wessinghage, Harald Hudak, 4x1,500 m Relay 14:38.8 Michael Lederer, Aug. 17, 1977, Karl Fleschen Cologne, W.Ger. (W.Ger.) 4x110 m Hurdles University of May 22, 1981, Relay 54.40 Tennessee (U.S.) Knoxville, Tenn. Marathon 2:04:55 Paul Tergat (Kenya) Sept. 28, 2003, Berlin, Germany Women Event Performance Athlete Date, Place 100 m 10.49 Florence Griffith Joyner July 16, 1988, (U.S.) Indianapolis, Ind. 200 m 21.34 Florence Griffith Joyner Sept. 29, 1988, (U.S.) Seoul, S.Kor. 400 m 47.60 Marita Koch (E.Ger.) Oct. 6, 1985, Canberra, Australia 800 m 1:53.28 Jarmila Kratochvlov July 26, 1983, (Czechoslovakia) Munich, W.Ger. 1,000 m 2:28.98 Svetlana Masterkova Aug. 23, 1996, (Russia) Brussels, Belgium 1,500 m 3:50.46 Qu Junxia (China) Sept. 11, 1993, Beijing, China 2,000 m 5:25.36 Sonia O'Sullivan (Ireland) July 8, 1994, Edinburgh, Scotland 3,000 m 8:06.11 Wang Junxia (China) Sept. 13, 1993, Beijing, China 5,000 m 14:28.09 Jiang Bo (China) Oct. 23, 1997, Shanghai, China 10,000 m 29:31.78 Wang Junxia (China) Sept. 8, 1993, Beijing, China Sept. 3, 2000, 20,000 m 1:05:26.6 Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) Borgholzhausen, Germany Sept. 21, 2002, 25,000 m 1:27:05.8 Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) Mengerskirchen, Germany 30,000 m 1:45:50.0 Tegla Loroupe (Kenya) June 7, 2003, Warstein, Germany 100 m Aug. 20, 1988, Stara Hurdles 12.21 Yordanka Donkova (Bulgaria)Zagora, Bulgaria 400 m Aug. 11, 1995, Hurdles 52.61 Kim Batten (U.S.) Gteborg, Sweden High Jump 2.09 Stefka Kostadinova Aug. 30, 1987, Rome, (Bulgaria) Italy Pole Vault 4.82 Yelena Isinbayeva (Russia) July 13, 2003, Gateshead, England Long Jump 7.52 Galina Chistyakova June 11, 1988, (U.S.S.R.) Leningrad, U.S.S.R. Triple Aug. 10, 1995, Jump 15.50 Inesa Kravets (Ukraine) Gteborg, Sweden Shot Put 22.63 Natalya Lisovskaya June 7, 1987, Moscow, (U.S.S.R.) U.S.S.R. July 9, 1988, Discus 76.80 Gabriele Reinsch (E.Ger.) Neubrandenburg, E.Ger. May 13, 1999, Hammer 75.97 Mihaela Melinte (Romania) Clermont-Ferrand, France Javelin 71.54 Osleidys Menndez (Cuba) July 1, 2001, Rethymno, Greece 7291 (12.69, Heptathlon 1.86, 15.80, Jackie Joyner-Kersee (U.S.)Sept. 23-24, 1988, 22.56, 7.27, Seoul, S.Kor. 45.66, 2:08.51) 5,000 m Gillian O'Sullivan July 13, 2002, Walk 20:02.60 (Ireland) Dublin, Ireland 10,000 m Nadezhda Ryashkina July 24, 1990, Walk 41:56.23 (U.S.S.R.) Seattle, Wash. 4x100 m Silke Gladisch, Sabine Oct. 6, 1985, Relay 41.37 Rieger, Ingrid Auerswald, Canberra, Australia Marlies Ghr (E.Ger.) LaTasha Jenkins, LaTasha 4x200 m Colander-Richardson, April 29, 2000, Relay 1:27.46 Nanceen Perry, Marion JonesPhiladelphia, Pa. (U.S.) 4x400 m Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Oct. 1, 1988, Seoul, Relay 3:15.17 Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina, S.Kor. Olga Bryzgina (U.S.S.R.) Nadezhda Olizarenko, Lyubov 4x800 m Gurina, Lyudmila Borisova, Aug. 5, 1984, Moscow, Relay 7:50.17 Irina Podyalovskaya U.S.S.R. (U.S.S.R.) Marathon 2:15:25 Paula Radcliffe (U.K.) April 13, 2003, London, England
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