First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also referred to as the First Battle of
Manassas, (July 21, 1861) was the first major land battle of the American
Civil War. (The difference in the two names results from the difference in
naming conventions used by each side in the war. Confederates named battles
for the nearest town or city; the Union named battles for the nearest river
or body of water.)

The battle, led brigadier-general Irvin McDowell, was fought near the
railroad junction near Manassas, Virginia. It resulted in a humiliating rout
of Union forces and a disorderly retreat, bringing the battle to a halt. The
elite of nearby Washington, DC, expecting an easy Union victory, had come
out to watch the battle and picnic. When the Union Army was driven back, the
roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to
flee in their carriages.

The victorious Confederate forces were too exhausted to follow through with
a pursuit of the enemy. Casualties totaled approximately 5,000 -- 3,000
Union troops and 2,000 Confederates.

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